Vertical gene flow

摘要: By comparing potential and actual risks in both fields of agriculture, with or without GMOs, we need a clear view the similarities differences. Raamsdonk (1993) has given scheme gene flow, whether natural influenced by human activity. It clearly shows that most pathways flow are also strongly agriculture breeding. But there is one notable exception: Transformation something quite new. now possible to jump over limits species, genera even families orders much easier way. Let’s not forget universal about sequences used for transformation often lay persons puzzled expressions like “a fish gene” instance. They have knowledge how judge novelty such transformation. this statement counts experts: position effects pleiotropic after be considered all cases, why think new risk assessment methods genetic engineering. should always aware fact classical breeding dealing introduction genes crop plant. The big difference these introduced belonging some relatively close parents, done narrow environment interbreeding species groups. again consider cases breeding, where single mutations change only small number dramatically changed morphology, growth yield crop, especially case maize wheat. Considering escape transgenes wild relatives parallels between engineering regarding processes vertical but results may different novel transgene having ecological potential.