Advances in antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation at the nanoscale

摘要: The alarming worldwide increase in antibiotic resistance amongst microbial pathogens necessitates a search for new antimicrobial techniques, which will not be affected by, or indeed cause themselves. Light-mediated photoinactivation is one such technique that takes advantage of the whole spectrum light to destroy broad pathogens. Many these techniques rely on participation diverse range nanoparticles and nanostructures have dimensions very similar wavelength light. Photodynamic inactivation relies photochemical production singlet oxygen from photosensitizing dyes (type II pathway) can benefit remarkably formulation nanoparticle-based drug delivery vehicles. Fullerenes are closed-cage carbon allotrope nanoparticle with high absorption coefficient triplet yield. Their photochemistry highly dependent microenvironment, type organic solvents I (hydroxyl radicals) biological milieu. Titanium dioxide act as large band-gap semiconductor carry out photo-induced electron transfer under ultraviolet A also produce reactive species kill cells. We discuss some recent studies quite remarkable potentiation killing (up six logs) obtained by addition simple inorganic salts non-toxic sodium/potassium iodide, bromide, nitrite, even toxic sodium azide. Interesting mechanistic insights were explain this increased killing.