Influenza Virus Reassortment Is Enhanced by Semi-infectious Particles but Can Be Suppressed by Defective Interfering Particles

摘要: A high particle to infectivity ratio is a feature common many RNA viruses, with ~90–99% of particles unable initiate productive infection under low multiplicity conditions. recent publication by Brooke et al. revealed that, for influenza virus (IAV), proportion these seemingly non-infectious are in fact semi-infectious. Semi-infectious (SI) deliver an incomplete set viral genes the cell, and therefore cannot support full cycle replication unless complemented through co-infection. In addition SI particles, IAV populations often contain defective-interfering (DI) which actively interfere production infectious progeny. With aim understanding significance evolution we tested hypothesis that DI promote diversification reassortment. Our approach combined computational simulations experimental determination infection, co-infection reassortment levels following co-inoculation cultured cells two distinct A/Panama/2007/99 (H3N2)-based viruses. Computational results predicted enhanced at given % or increasing semi-infectious content. Comparison data model indicated likelihood segment missing varies among segments most fail ≥1 segment. To verify prediction augment reassortment, performed co-infections using viruses exposed dose UV. As expected, introduction UV-induced lesions contrast inclusion modeled could not account observed outcomes. were furthermore found experimentally suppress detectable relative seen standard stocks, likely interfering progeny from co-infected cells. These indicate increase rate may accelerate adaptive IAV.