Periocular anterior adnexal anatomy and clinical adnexal examination of the adult Asian elephant (Elephas maximus).

摘要: Formalin preserved ocular-associated anterior adnexa tissues from five necropsied Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) were dissected with attention to the palpebrae, conjunctiva, nictitating membranes, nasolacrimal ducts, and periocular glandular tissues. Gross histologic examination revealed that lacrimal tarsal glands not present. Evidence of drainage apparatus, including punctae or any remnant sacs, was also absent. In contrast, well-developed sebaceous associated accessory hairs along palpebrae exceptionally abundant. Mixed-secreting noted in deep stroma posterior tarsus both gland membrane. Apparently, elephant has developed a novel tear system absence (meibomian) glands. Clinical examinations bacterial cultures visible performed on eight living adult confirm postmortem anatomic findings provide guidance clinician during conjunctiva.