作者: Benjamin Cashore , Michael Howlett
DOI: 10.1111/J.1540-5907.2007.00266.X
关键词:
摘要: A key theme among seminal contributions to policy studies, including Baumgartner and Jones (1993; 2002), Sabatier Jenkins-Smith (1993), Hall (1989; 1993), is that “external perturbations” outside of the subsystem, characterized by some type societal upheaval, are critical for explaining development profound durable changes which otherwise prevented institutional stability. We argue these assumptions, while useful assessing many cases change, do not adequately capture historical patterns forest in U.S. Pacific Northwest. Differences concerning state federal regulation private public lands governing same problem, region, population challenge much prevailing orthodoxy on dynamics. To address this puzzle, we revisit expand existing taxonomies identifying levels processes change policies undergo. This exercise reveals existence a “thermostatic” setting was absent institutions lands. thermostatic arrangement contained objectives required settings undergo major order maintain institution's defining characteristics. Policy scientists need distinguish such “hard institutions” necessitate paradigmatic from those permit them.