When White Women Cry: How White Women's Tears Oppress Women of Color

摘要: This article focuses on the tension that arises as result of intersection social identities, namely gender and race. Through examination a case study, I consider ways in which White women benefit from privilege through their interactions with Women Color using Privileged Identity Exploration Model tool for analysis. Institutions higher education United States emblematically represent privilege. Whether it be race, gender, sexual orientation, class, abilities, religion, so on, universities have historically served White, Christian, heterosexual, middle-class, able-bodied, male-dominated identities (Anzaldua & Moraga, 2002; Anzaldua Keating, Lorde, 1984; hooks, 1981). If our institutions are rivers flowing specific direction, then current river shaped by geography enables flow system Consider fish must swim upstream versus swims current, arguably both could survive, but under what circumstances? Would one current? As student affairs practitioners, is job to understand not only context survival, also circumstances. The notion complex, especially whether we privileged or do positions us act conflicting manners regarding oppression. phenomenon noticeable when dialogue about race racism. While members an oppressed group based they still experience dual oppressor/oppressed identity often becomes root challenged Color. goal this highlight complexities arise Privilege (PIE) (Watt, 2007). begin contextualizing how interact another these shape societal norms. Next, offer study identifies manifest certain defense modes presented PIE confronted conflict. Finally, conclude suggestions engage difficult while authentically owning one's identity. Intersection Social Identities All inform another. One's woman multiple factors her life, including on. sexism shapes nature womanhood, womanhood looks very different than Asian American, Black, Indigenous, Latina because each woman's internal expectations external perceptions means within racial communities (Hernandez Rehman, 2002). Comprehensive historical research explicates informing (Daniels, 1997; Frankenberg, 1993; 1997). been depicted foundation purity, chastity, virtue, caricaturized negative stereotypes lower status position associated American society Collins, 2000; Additionally, Palmer (1994) states, "the problem accepting image goodness, powerlessness" (p.170). powerlessness informs womanhood. Put simple terms, male history reality universal norm leaving color defined two layers …