Controversies as informal technology assessment

摘要: Controversies, especially those that surround "early warnings" about impacts of a technology or large project, may be welcomed as an informal way assessment. This is not always recognized, because ideals consensus and context-free rationality. An alternative, rhetorical perspective presented on controversies their sociocognitive dynamics, in which interests actor-strategies play integral role besides arguments evidence. Because such interactions, articulation insights positions occurs, is, social learning. Improvement learning has to take the dynamics into account. Absolute standards methods are impossible, but one can robustness views realistic goal.