Identity, Genocide, and Group Violence

摘要: Social identity is typically multidimensional, involving connections and commitments to multiple overlapping groups. Because abstract groups such as nations, cultures, or religions have the potential outlast individuals who compose them at any given point in time, affiliation with provides a sense of continuity, permanence, meaning. Thus, we are highly motivated act on behalf central our social identities against other that threaten impede own. On basis these theoretical considerations, chapter four-phase model genocide. The first phase involves dichotomization divides universe into “us” “them.” Phase 2 process dehumanization places “them” outside realm moral obligation. This enables justifies violence out-group, up including genocide (phase 3). Such justification supplemented, final phase, by denial what really happened, thus enabling perpetrators maintain their self-conceptions. These phases illustrated examples encompassing Holocaust, 1994 Rwanda, Latin American dirty wars 1970s 1980s, European conquest Americas since 1492. analysis then extended cases group violence, 1948 ethnic cleansing Palestine, September 11, 2001 attacks World Trade Centers Pentagon, atomic bombing Hiroshima.