Fluoride Sorption Efficiency of Vermiculite Functionalised with Cationic Surfactant: Isotherm and Kinetics

摘要: Groundwater is a major source of water, especially in rural communities. The presence excess fluoride groundwater has been health concern for many decades because it causes fluorosis. persistence this problem led to the development several approaches reducing ≤1.5 mg/L, which World Health Organization’s (WHO) permissible limit. Despite recorded success reduction, drawbacks such as cost and efficiency have remained apparent, thus necessitating further research on defluoridation. This paper aims at assessing defluoridation capacity clay mineral, vermiculite, when modified with cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide. effects experimental parameters pH, agitation time, mass adsorbent, temperature were examined determine most favourable adsorption conditions. Using batch technique, results showed sorption 51% from an 8 mg/L solution. conformed more Freundlich than Langmuir isotherm 2.36 mg/g, while kinetics pseudo-second-order reaction. pH emerged influential factor optimisation. findings study indicated that vermiculite could be efficient tolerable limits, but requires adequate control.