Light scattering in inhomogeneous atmospheres

摘要: 1. Basic Concepts, Equations and Problems.- 1.1 Intensity of Radiation.- 1.2 Interaction Radiation with Matter.- 1.3 Radiative Transfer Equation.- 1.4 Equation in a Stratified Medium.- 1.5 The Parallel External Flux Problem.- 1.5.1 Azimuthal Harmonics the Intensity.- 1.5.2 Integral for Source Function.- 1.6 Milne 1.7 Problem Two-Sided Infinity.- 1.8 Flux.- 1.9 Characteristics at Boundaries an Atmosphere. Diffuse Reflection Transmission Light.- 1.10 K Integral.- 1.11 Green Function Reciprocity Relations.- 1.12 Invariance Principles.- I. Homogeneous Atmosphere.- 2. Field Infinite 2.1 Conservatively Scattering 2.2 General Case.- 2.3 Characteristic Method Its Solution.- 2.4 Normalization Constant M.- 2.5 Nearly Conservative Scattering.- 3. Semi-Infinite 3.1 Relation 3.2 3.3 Relationship Between 3.4 Corollaries.- 3.5 Ambartsumian's Coefficient 3.6 Some Relations Involving Escape Functions.- 3.7 Integrals 3.8 Separation Variables. Angular Relaxation Photons.- 3.9 Deep Atmosphere Layers.- 3.10 Doubling Formula. Atmospheric Surface Layer.- 3.11 3.11.1 Initial 3.11.2 Boundary 3.11.3 Asymptotic Formulas N C.- 3.11.4 Arbitrary Optical Depth.- 3.11.5 3.11.6 Albedo 3.12 Q Form Solution to 3.12.1 Q( , 0,?) Physical Meaning.- 3.12.2 3.12.3 3.12.4 Representation Plane 3.12.5 4. Finite Thickness.- 4.1 Relation.- 4.2 4.3 Boundaries.- 4.4 Further Consequences 4.5 Calculation Coefficients.- 4.6 4.7 Layer 4.8 Large 4.8.1 Coefficients Other Quantities.- 4.8.2 4.8.3 Optically Thick 4.8.4 Estimation Accuracy Formulas.- 4.9 Illumination Atmospheres Thickness 4.10 Algorithm Solving 4.10.1 Function: 4.10.2 Problem: 4.10.3 Nonconservative 5. Above Reflecting Surface.- 5.1 Atmospheres.- 5.2 5.3 Case Lambertian 5.4 Surfaces.- 5.5 Reflective 5.5.1 Reflection.- 5.5.2 5.5.3 Bibliographical Comments Additions Part I.- II. Multilayer 6. 6.1 Formulation 6.2 A Two-Layer 6.3 Choosing Direction Add 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 Depth n.- 6.9 6.10 7. Light Two Adjacent Half-Spaces.- 7.1 Statement Main Equations.- 7.2 Boundary.- 7.3 Isotropic 7.4 7.5 Away from 8. Consisting Layers 8.1 Discussion.- 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 Atmosphere: 8.7.1 8.7.2 8.7.3 II.- III. Continuously Varying Parameters.- 9. by 9.1 Integro-Differential 9.2 Truncated Determining 9.3 10. Defining Vertically Inhomogeneous 10.1 10.2 Sublayer 10.3 On Numerical Methods Compute 10.4 An 10.4.1 10.4.2 Surface. 10.4.3 11. Their Corollaries 11.1 11.2 Field.- 11.3 Relations, M 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 Concept Inverted 11.8 Discussion Approach Stated 12. Properties Fields 12.1 12.1.1 Isotropization Radiation. P1 Approximation.- 12.1.2 P2 12.1.3 Integral. y0(-?) y0(?).- 12.2 Regime 12.3 Variables 12.4 12.5 Function, Quantities Small True Absorption.- 12.6 12.7 12.8 12.8.1 12.8.2 13. Exponentially Characteristics.- 13.1 13.2 Results Calculations ?(?) = ?1e-m?.- 13.3 Calculating Internal 13.4 Linear Emerging Isotropically 14. Astrophysical, Geophysical, Possible Applications Theory.- 14.1 Effect Inhomogeneity Cloudless Earth on 14.2 Vertical Structure Venusian According Data Obtained Probes.- 14.2.1 Distribution Absorption 14.2.2 Parameters Different Spectral Regions.- 14.3 Line Formation Planetary Concepts 14.4 14.4.1 Dependence Observed Spectrum Width Orientation Spectrograph Slit.- 14.4.2 Profile Equivalent Models 14.4.3 Model Reduction Cauchy 14.5 Stellar Photospheres Continuous Spectrum.- 14.5.1 14.5.2 Standard 14.5.3 Various 14.5.4 Isothermic Photosphere Density Decreasing Barometric Law.- 14.5.5 14.6 Application III.- Appendix. Tables Functions Constants..- References.