Repeated In Vivo Stimulation of T and B Cell Responses in Old Mice Generates Protective Immunity against Lethal West Nile Virus Encephalitis

摘要: Older adults exhibit higher morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases compared with those of the general population. The introduction rapid spread West Nile virus (WNV) throughout continental United States since 1999 has highlighted challenge protecting older against emerging pathogens: to this day there is no therapy or vaccine approved for human use encephalitis. In study, we describe characterization T B cell responses in old mice after vaccination RepliVAX WN, a novel encephalitis based on single-cycle flavivirus particles. adult mice, WN induced robust long-lasting CD4 + CD8 Ab (B cell) natural WNV epitopes, similar elicited by primary infection. Primary memory were significantly lower than seen younger response infection WNV. Surprisingly, both quality quantity recall vaccinated improved equal exceed animals. Moreover, these together (but not individually) sufficient protect severe disease upon challenge. Therefore, at least two cycles vivo restimulation are needed selection expansion protective lymphocytes populations, live, vaccines that stimulate cellular humoral immunity can individuals viral disease.