Bacterial steroid hydroxylases: enzyme classes, their functions and comparison of their catalytic mechanisms

摘要: The steroid superfamily includes a wide range of compounds that are essential for living organisms the animal and plant kingdoms. Structural modifications steroids highly affect their biological activity. In this review, we focus on hydroxylation by bacterial hydroxylases, which take part in catabolic pathways play an important role degradation. We compare three distinct classes metalloenzymes responsible aerobic or anaerobic steroids, namely: cytochrome P450, Rieske-type monooxygenase 3-ketosteroid 9α-hydroxylase, molybdenum-containing C25 dehydrogenases. analyze available literature data reactivity, regioselectivity, potential application these enzymes organic synthesis hydroxysteroids. Moreover, describe mechanistic hypotheses proposed all along with experimental theoretical evidences, have provided grounds formulation. case such hypothesis is formulated first time based studies conducted other Rieske monooxygenases. Finally, provide comparative analysis similarities differences reaction mechanisms utilized hydroxylases.