Natural seed fall in white pine (Pinus strobus L.) stands of varying density

摘要: Seed fall was observed in three stands of mature white pines at stand basal-area densities 80, 120, and 187 square feet per acre. It found that the intermediate-density produced nearly 50 percent more seed than other densities. During a good year this 59 pounds dry sound Most seeds were dispersed during 7-week period beginning about middle September. The crop reduced by action birds, animals, insects.