Modal Shift of Passenger Transport in a TIMES Model: Application to Ireland and California

摘要: Climate change mitigation clearly requires a focus on transport that should include improved representation of travel behaviour in addition to increased vehicle efficiency and low-carbon fuels. Energy system models however technology fuel switching tend poorly incorporate behaviour. Conversely, demand modelling generally fails address energy climate policy trade-offs. This chapter seeks make systems analysis more holistic by introducing modal choice within passenger TIMES model, allow trade-offs between choices explicit. Travel is typically exogenous—no competition exists alternative modes. A simple illustrative model described, where modes enabled imposing constraint overall time the system. represents empirically observed budget individuals, constraining choosing faster expensive (e.g. cars) slower but cheaper mode buses or rail). Further, new variable introduced, called investment, which acts as proxy for infrastructure investments reduce associated with travel, enable investment means CO2 mitigation.