Ergot alkaloids: structure diversity, biosynthetic gene clusters and functional proof of biosynthetic genes

摘要: Covering: 2000 to 2010 Ergot alkaloids are toxins and important pharmaceuticals which produced biotechnologically on an industrial scale. They have been identified in two orders of fungi three families higher plants. The most producers the genera Claviceps, Penicillium Aspergillus (all belonging Ascomycota). Chemically, ergot characterised by presence a tetracyclic ergoline ring, can be divided into classes according their structural features, i.e.amide- or peptide-like amide derivatives D-lysergic acid clavine alkaloids. Significant progress has achieved molecular biological biochemical investigations alkaloid biosynthesis last decade. By gene cloning genome mining, clusters for at least 8 different ascomycete species. Functions structure genes assigned reaction steps inactivation experiments characterisation overproduced proteins.