Electricity from energy crops in different settings—a country comparison between Nicaragua, Ireland and the Netherlands

摘要: Abstract Costs, environmental and macro-economic impacts of the use energy crops may vary from country to country. To get insight into causes these differences, this study compared crop based electricity generation in three countries tried explain differences specific characteristics. We looked at with a significantly different profile: Ireland, Nicaragua Netherlands. Although cost producing (1.8 / GJ ) is much lower than Netherlands (5.4– 14 Ireland (4.7– 8.2 ), resulting (0.072 kW h relatively close that other two countries. This mainly caused by high internal rate return required Nicaragua. Electricity eucalyptus imported would be just above low estimate cultivated Beside importing untreated wood, international trade could also on densified or liquified biomass, biomass-derived “import” emission reduction credits. In Netherlands, biomass can benefit exemption regulating tax stimulative measures for renewables. The per tonne CO 2 -eq . avoided lowest (14 ). ranges between 22 53 cheapest options 56 86 , but whole set values 93 Because conversion efficiency, only half amount obtained ha land as advantages are largest impact likely most relevant Overall, it concluded context have large performance systems produce out crops, although partly counteractive under consideration. It questioned paper whether appropriate import considered “domestic measure” framework Kyoto protocol.