A Maximum-Likelihood Analysis of Eight Phylogenetic Markers in Gallwasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae): Implications for Insect Phylogenetic Studies

摘要: We assessed the utility of eight DNA sequence markers (5.8S rDNA, 18S 28S ITS regions, long-wavelength opsin, elongation factor 1-alpha, cytochrome b, and oxidase I) in reconstructing phylogenetic relationships at various levels divergence gallwasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), using a set exemplar taxa. report values saturation compare results these sequences analyzed both separately combined to well-corroborated morphological phylogeny. Likelihood ratio tests were used find best evolutionary model fitting each markers. The likelihood explaining data is, for most loci, parameter rich, with strong A-T bias mitochondrial loci rate heterogeneity majority loci. Our suggest that opsin may be potentially useful resolution cynipid other insect within-family-level divergences (circa 50-100 mya old), whereas regions are lower-level phylogenetics. In contrast, rDNA marker is likely above-family-level relationships.