摘要: Insulin is synthesized in the pancreatic beta cell via a series of precursor proteins which include preproinsulin and proinsulin. Preproinsulin carries additional information to target nascent protein chain into endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where, after cleavage signal peptide, it folds efficiently assume native proinsulin structure stabilized by three disulfide bonds. The beta-cell ER appears be especially adapted supporting these processes face varying demands for hormone. However, sustained high-level stimulation insulin biosynthesis, as diabetes, may result damage or death stress mechanisms. Correctly folded transferred Golgi apparatus from sorted secretory vesicles regulated pathway, where converted C-peptide. These peptides, along with others such Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (IAPP/amylin) various other granin family are all stored highly organized mature vesicles/granules, awaiting their discharge bloodstream on demand. More needed many aspects particularly its regulatory mechanisms pathological that influence function.
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