Pollination Efficiencies of Insects Visiting Magnolia obovata , as Determined by Single-Pollen Genotyping

摘要: The genetic composition of pollen grains that are transported to flowers affects the reproductive success and fitness plants structure plant population. For example, for suffer inbreeding depression, from another conspecific individual is essential effective reproduction. Many researchers have focused on pollination processes in various sought understand relationships between pollinators. Here, we show latest approach, which evaluates contribution flower-visiting insects by direct genotyping grains. genotypes adhering flower beetles, small bumblebees visited Magnolia obovata were determined directly. traits differed insect type. Most beetles was self-pollen (pollen a different region same tree). On other hand, an average 70% trees. We also described patterns movements performing paternity analysis using trees our study populations as candidate male parents. Although most adhered moved within short range distance, tended travel longer distances. Our results showed rarely move plants, cause geitonogamous flow, may negatively affect reproduction M. obovata, undergoes substantial depression early life stages. In contrast, contribute outcrossing transporting genetically diverse outcross pollen. evaluation consistent with traditional idea Magnoliaceae features beetle syndrome. provides powerful evidence syndrome offers new insights, shedding light mutualism coevolution visitors.