The Organizational Context of Teaching and Learning

摘要: Sociologists have a predilection for the collective. We are centrally concerned with social facts, characteristics of collectivities that give shape and motivation to individual action. So­ ciological research on schooling shares this interest in School resources, com­ position, climate, leadership, governance, all collective attributes schools, often looked as sources influence outcomes students. Yet study school organization is marked more by failure than success. It especially significant most important contribution sociologists school­ ing—the famous Coleman Report 1966—is also spectacular connect an educational setting. Variation conditions was largely unrelated differences student outcomes, school-level effects were dwarfed powerful home environment learning. Though policymakers drew implications from positive impact learning proportion White students school, effect racial composition small compared great importance family background factors. This pattern results, emphasizing over