Preventing and responding to gender-based violence in middle and low-income countries : a global review and analysis

摘要: Worldwide, patterns of violence against women differ markedly from men. For example, are more likely than men to be sexually assaulted or killed by someone they know. The United Nations has defined as gender-based violence, acknowledge that such is rooted in gender inequality and often tolerated condoned laws, institutions, community norms. Violence not only a profound violation human rights, but also costly impediment country's national development. While occurs many forms throughout the life cycle, this review focuses on two most common types - physical intimate partner sexual any perpetrator. Unfortunately, knowledge base about effective initiatives prevent respond relatively limited. Few approaches have been rigorously evaluated, even high-income countries. And evaluations involve numerous methodological challenges. Nonetheless, authors what known less at least promising violence. They present definitions, recent statistics, health consequences, costs, risk factors analyze good practice justice, health, education sectors, well multisectoral approaches. each these examine addressed laws policies, institutional reforms, mobilization, individual behavior change strategies. Finally, identify priorities for future research action, including funding socioeconomic costs women, encouraging science-based program evaluations, disseminating evaluation results across countries, promoting investment prevention treatment initiatives, public-private partnerships.