Pulsars with strong magnetic fields: polar gaps, bound pair creation and nonthermal luminosities

摘要: Modifications to polar-gap models for pulsars are discussed the case where surface magnetic field, Bs, of neutron star is strong. For B ~ 4 X 108 T, curvature ,-quanta emitted tangentially curved force lines field captured near threshold bound pair creation and channelled along as electron-positron pairs (positronium). The stability such against ionization by parallel electric field,. Ell' in polar cap, photoionization discussed. Unlike free pairs, do not screen Ell star. As a consequence, energy flux highly relativistic particles high-frequency (X-ray and/or ,-ray) radiation from gaps can be much greater than absence positronium formation. We discuss this enhancement (a) Arons-type models, which flow freely surface, find any modest, (b) Ruderman-Sutherland-type tightly that substantial. In latter we argue self-consistent model partial screening maintains it close value reverse accelerated cap at temperature thermionic emission supplies needed screening. This applies only restricted range periods, P2 Pl.