Gastrointestinal factors in hunger and satiety

摘要: The evidence for the participation of signals from gastrointestinal tract in hunger and satiety is reviewed. Various methods subjecting only certain portions to food are described including sham feeding, crossing intestines two animals, intragastric, intraduodenal intravenous feeding. These have revealed that animals eat more when mouth exposed food, but consume less enters stomach directly still feeding themselves intravenously. role discussed relation results many experiments which intragastric loads were administered. generally gastric suppressed intake proportion their caloric value, compensation was not precise. A similar analysis made satiety. studies present osmoreceptors glucoreceptors, distention, pressure, all may participate numerous effects vagotomy on reviewed an attempt separate afferent efferent vagal nonspecific surgical injury. other afferents explored. brief survey most recent humoral factors indicates cholecystokinin probably acting as a agent, its mode action remains unknown. changes accompany increase or decrease reveal adaptive occur organ. suckling animal presented. Finally, hypothesis presented various bring meal end included. Preabsorptive consist multiple include possibly chemoreceptors upper small intestine. these receptors neural while products digestion stimulate release agents, such cholecystokinin, act locally, liver, central nervous system. Stretch distention at locations also contribute preabsorptive