The applicability of international conservation instruments to the establishment of marine protected areas in Antarctica

摘要: Abstract This paper reviews the international conservation treaties, non-binding agreements and other instruments that have relevance to marine protected area (MPA) development in Antarctica. Many of these provide for action be taken globally, thus including Antarctica within scope a worldwide system MPAs. However, depending on their specific provisions, full application Antarctic waters may difficult, inappropriate or even impossible because area's unique political situation, existing regimes differing “positions principle” between claimant non-claimant States with regard existence territorial sovereignty corresponding maritime zones. It is concluded although direct most cases unlikely feasible, efforts should made apply Treaty System certain principles requirements agreed under global purview. These include formulation guidelines criteria MPA establishment, consideration protection as separate, but linked, issue environments, more timeframe which take place.