Are standard tests sensitive enough to evaluate effects of human pharmaceuticals in aquatic biota? Facing changes in research approaches when performing risk assessment of drugs.

摘要: Nowadays, the presence of pharmaceutical products in aquatic environments is not only common, but also significant concern regarding adverse effect they may produce to biota. In order determine effects caffeine (CAF), ibuprofen (IBU), carbamazepine (CBZ) and novobiocin (NOV), at environmental occurring concentrations, standardized endpoints applied current guidelines were evaluated four organisms including bioluminescence response Vibrio fischeri, growth inhibition Isochrysis galbana (marine water) Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (fresh fertilization embryo-larval development Paracentrotus lividus. To reach this aim bioassays implemented by exposing water spiked with drugs dissolved DMSO (0.001% v/v). Risk characterization was performed, calculating impact concentration predicted no ratio (MEC/PNEC). Results indicate that acute toxicity found above concentrations mg L−1 for bacteria bioluminescence, microalgae sea urchin fertilization. However, teratogenicity observed on after exposure 0.00001 L−1; CBZ IBU reduce significantly compared controls (p < 0.01). The risk calculated selected suggested are harmless environment except when applying endpoint. Endpoints study showed necessity using more sensitive responses, assessing pharmaceuticals environments, since be suitable.