作者: Gabriela Dotro , Raul Prieto Fort , Jan Barak , Mark Jones , Peter Vale
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-08177-9_19
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摘要: Fourteen full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WwTPs) owned and operated by Severn Trent Water, a major UK water utility, were assessed to determine the long-term efficiency of using chemical dosing upstream biofilm processes followed horizontal flow wetlands remove phosphorus any residual metals. Results showed that flowsheets used are an effective strategy BOD, solids, ammonia, nitrate, phosphorus, with all sites meeting their discharge consents for past 10 years. Wetland removal rates up 6.7, 3.8, 0.24, 2.4, 0.5 mg m−2 d−1 found iron, respectively. Under flooded conditions, settling mechanisms dominated as evidenced average surface sludge accumulation 2 cm year−1. Subsurface resulted in lower or no on top gravel. The concentration P Fe per site was range 17–48 9–178 g kg−1, respectively, much higher than sediment concentrations non-dosed river sediments. Analysis suspended, colloidal, dissolved fractions change phase from particulate after wetland, suggesting release. Phosphorus release observed under low conditions (<1 L−1) high levels, 12–52 44 field laboratory conditions. Iron controlled experiments but not detected field, indicating additional transformation reactions take place wetlands. Further research is required provide adequate data modifying design improving operation maintenance recommendations ensure continue deliver environmental benefit at WwTPs phosphorus.