Mixed‐species associations in cuxiús (genus Chiropotes)

摘要: Polyspecific or mixed-species associations, where two more species come together to forage and travel as a unit, have been reported in many primate species. These associations appear offer number of benefits the involved including increased foraging efficiency decreased risk predation. While several researchers suggested that cuxius (genus Chiropotes) form previous studies not identified circumstances under which whether they often than would be expected by chance. Here we present data on formation four at eight different sites Brazil, Suriname, Guyana. We analyzed from study sites, (Biological Dynamics Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP), Brazil Upper Essequibo Conservation Concession (UECC), Guyana, assess occurred chance encounters identify factors influencing their formation. Cuxius showed high degree inter-site variation frequency time spent association (ranging 2 26% observation time) duration (mean 22 min 2.5 hr). Sapajus apella was most common partner sites. At BDFFP, formed frequently but for longer For much year UECC, were frequent However, during dry season, with S. significantly predicted UECC when smaller subgroups insects, alarm called less associations. suggest some an adaptive strategy decrease predation and/or increase efficiency. Am. J. Primatol. 9999:XX–XX, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.