作者: Yue Xiang , Wei Yang , Junyong Liu , Furong Li
DOI: 10.3390/EN9110909
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摘要: The paper develops a multi-objective planning framework for distribution network expansion with electric vehicle charging stations. Charging loads are modeled in the first place, and then integrated into optimal planning. formulation is extended from single objective of economic cost minimization three objectives additional maximization station utilization, reliability level. Compared existing models, it captures interactive impacts between infrastructures aspects economy, reliability. A multi-stage search strategy designed to solve problem. models demonstrated by test case. results show that proposed can make trade-off among objectives, offer perspective effectively integrate constraints both transportation network.