The aims, methods, and effects of deliberative civic education through the national issues forums

摘要: This essay examines the goals, teaching methods, and educational impact of deliberative civic education. Brief descriptions three current education programs are followed by an in‐depth analysis National Issues Forums (NIF). A summary NIF materials clarifies program's basic goals methods. review qualitative quantitative studies gauges NIF's effectiveness. Results show that can bolster participants’ political self‐efficacy, refine their judgments, broaden conversation networks, reduce conversational dominance; however, may have no direct effect on participation, it heighten skepticism about efficacy group‐based action.