The bioavailability of chemicals in soil for earthworms.

摘要: The bioavailability of chemicals to earthworms can be modified dramatically by soil physical/chemical characteristics, yet expressing exposure as total chemical concentrations does not address this problem. In order understand the effects modifying factors on bioavailability, one must measure and express in a consistent, logical manner. This accomplished direct biological measures (e.g., bioaccumulation, critical body residues), indirect biomarkers, reproduction), or solid-phase extracts soil). If are used, they correlated with some response. Bioavailability incorporated into ecological risk assessment during analysis, primarily estimation exposure. However, used site-specific chemicals, developed from laboratory toxicity tests based estimates utilizing techniques that bioavailable fraction soil, concentrations.