Developmental timing of sodium perchlorate exposure alters angiogenesis, thyroid follicle proliferation and sexual maturation in stickleback.

摘要: Abstract Perchlorate, a common aquatic contaminant, is well known to disrupt homeostasis of the hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid axis. This study utilizes threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) fish determine if perchlorate exposure during certain windows development has morphological effects on thyroid and gonads. Fish were moved from untreated water perchlorate-contaminated (30 100 mg/L) starting at 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, 42, 154 305 days post fertilization until approximately one year old. A reciprocal treatment (fish in contaminated switched water) was conducted same schedule. Perchlorate increased angiogenesis follicle proliferation tissue, delayed gonadal maturity, skewed sex ratios toward males; depended concentration timing exposure. demonstrates that beginning first 42 days profound reproductive tissues, by implication can impact population dynamics. Long-term studies assess contaminant various stages provide novel information characterize risk organisms, facilitate management resources, sensitive developmental for further underlying mechanisms.