Why are racial and ethnic minorities successful in education?: a critical systematic literature review

摘要: Due to historical and ongoing immigration processes societies worldwide face a challenge of having integrate racial/ethnic minorities into their educational systems. Failure realise this has lead many researchers focus on the nature causes ‘educational underachievement’ minority groups in society. Less attention been paid high achievement success. In academic literature, success determinants are often seen as reverse factors that failure, however, failure not necessarily same. conducting first critical, systematic review literature date relationship with each other, study builds rich tradition research race/ethnic inequalities education. This adopts methodology, using comprehensive well defined protocol which allows for findings be more reliable, transparent replicable. Subsequently, starting from ecological model Bronfenbrenner, studies organized according system they occur in, settings within these systems distinguishing distal proximal factors. The show most concentrate macrosystem based Ogbu’s cultural-ecological theory or Fordham oppositional culture theory, microsystem including different referring social capital. addition, individual characteristics, such racial ethnic identity, religiosity, attitudes, future goals school instrumentality, have highlighted associated minorities. Although start structural barriers collective problems youth given relatively little attention. motivation success, variation between migrant groups, capital (micro, meso macro) its influence needs further examination. purpose is domains other order indicate possible pathways by students map out areas investigation.