A phosphorylation map of the photosystem II supercomplex C2S2M2.

摘要: PS II PHOSPHORYLATION It was 36 years ago when John Bennett first discovered chloroplast protein phosphorylation (Bennett, 1977). The most conspicuous phosphoprotein the apoprotein of Light Harvesting Complex (LHC II) photosystem (PS II). Other phosphoproteins included reaction center CP43 and quinone-binding proteins D1 D2 II. These earlier studies also identified PsbH protein, minor subunit II, as another (Allen, 1992). Nearly all first-known belong to water-oxidizing oxygenic photosynthesis. With more than 25 subunits 350 kDa in size, core monomer is a massive structure (Umena et al., 2011). This enormous size addition peripheral light harvesting complexes. major antenna LHC which trimer. Some, so-called minor, are monomeric act linkers connecting trimeric core. composed an internal made up CP47. with its forms supercomplexes, mainly differ number bound (Caffarri 2009). itself dimeric (C2) could strongly (S), or moderately (M), loosely (L) bind. linker associated Sform CP26, for M-form CP29 CP24. A 2 S M (C2S2M2) abundant supercomplex plant photosynthetic membranes (Kouril 2012). dependent. turned out, however, acts through redox state plastoquinone (PQ) pool (Allen 1981; Bennett, 1991). can be divided into (D1, D2, CP43, PsbH) In plants, kinases that phosphorylate have been Stn8 Stn7, respectively, (Bellafiore 2005; Bonardi 2005). only observed green algae not cyanobacteria red where phycobilisomebased (Pursiheimo 1998). Core responsive intensity increasing levels high (Elich 1992; Tikkanen Aro, On contrary, restricted low condition specific (Rintamaki 2000). At higher intensities, activity Stn7 inhibited by reduced stromal electron carrier thioredoxin 2000; Puthiyaveetil, noted L-form trimer phosphorylated, while isoforms comprising Sand M-trimers phosphorylated do contain sites (Galka basis transitions, acclimatory response changes quality (Bonaventura Myers, 1969; Murata, 1969). precise function phosphorylation, still unclear. undergoes damage light, results photoinhibition—light-induced loss (Aro 1993; Long 1994). plants algae, found stacked granal regions thylakoid membrane it almost immobile supercomplexes (Kirchhoff 2008; Mullineaux, 2008). centrally located main target photodamage (Kyle 1984). To maintain efficiency chloroplasts evolved robust repair process known cycle, wherein damaged degraded replaced newly synthesized copy (Melis, 1999; Nixon 2010). cycle operates many constraints (Kirchhoff, 2013b), chief among them how machinery unstacked accesses photosystems stacked, crowded mobilized rather “immobile” grana. proposed functions include “marking” degradation 1993), mobility (Goral 2010; Herbstova 2012), disassembly (Tikkanen Fristedt Vener, 2011), decreasing diameter (Herbstova 2012; Kirchhoff, 2013a), maintaining flow (Harrison Allen, Some these proposals mutually exclusive. Functions such increased especially supported but precisely produces effects