Neuroimaging in multiple sclerosis.

摘要: Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has routinely been used to improve the accuracy of multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis and prognosis. Metrics derived from conventional MRI are now detect therapeutic effects extend clinical observations. However, measures, such as use lesion volume count gadolinium-enhancing T2 lesions, have insufficient sensitivity specificity reveal true degree pathological changes occurring in MS. They cannot distinguish between inflammation, edema, demyelination, Wallerian degeneration, axonal loss. In addition, they do not show a reliable correlation with measures disability provide complete assessment outcomes. Recent neuropathologic studies typical chronic MS brains macroscopic demyelination cortical deep gray matter (GM) that be detected by currently available techniques. Therefore, there is pressing need for development newer techniques these lesions. Newer metrics analysis, including T1-weighted hypointense central nervous system atrophy magnetization transfer imaging, spectroscopy, diffusion tensor able capture more global picture range tissue alterations caused inflammation neurodegeneration. At this time, only proof--albeit indirect--that important occult pathology GM. evidence increasing nonconventional correlate better both existing developing neurological impairment when compared metrics.