Capillary leak syndrome: etiologies, pathophysiology, and management

摘要: In various human diseases, an increase in capillary permeability to proteins leads the loss of protein-rich fluid from intravascular interstitial space. Although sepsis is disease most commonly associated with this phenomenon, many other diseases can lead a "sepsis-like" syndrome manifestations diffuse pitting edema, exudative serous cavity effusions, noncardiogenic pulmonary hypotension, and, some cases, hypovolemic shock multiple-organ failure. The term leak has been used describe constellation increased proteins. Diseases than that result include idiopathic systemic or Clarkson's disease, engraftment syndrome, differentiation ovarian hyperstimulation hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, viral hemorrhagic fevers, autoimmune snakebite envenomation, and ricin poisoning. Drugs including interleukins, monoclonal antibodies, gemcitabine also cause syndrome. Acute kidney injury seen all these diseases. addition cytokines are likely be important pathophysiology acute Fluid management critical part treatment syndrome; hypovolemia hypotension organ injury, whereas leakage administered worsen edema leading progressive injury. purpose article discuss produce review their collective treatment.