Magnetic phase tuning of diluted Fe-doped CuO nanoparticles through annealing temperature as characterized by first-order reversal curve analysis

摘要: Abstract Diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) exhibit room temperature ferromagnetic behavior and have recently been used in a broad range of applications including spintronic devices. Here, we present simple co-precipitation method to synthesize pure CuO diluted Cu1−xFexO (x = 0.05 0.1) nanoparticles (NPs) with different annealing temperatures (Ta) ranging between 500 °C 900 °C, achieving DMSs monoclinic structure at temperature. The mean NP size, evaluated using field-emission scanning electron microscope, was found increase increasing Ta. A red shift observed UV–visible spectra indicated the successful substitution Fe ions NPs, confirming absence impurity phases resulting structures. Investigating properties by hysteresis loop measurements, maximum saturation magnetization coercive field values were obtained be 4.8 emu/g 325 Oe, respectively, for 10% Fe-doped NPs Ta = 900 °C. First-order reversal curve analysis study detailed characteristics NPs. While soft phase superparamagnetic fractions from approximately 41% 53% dominated Ta = 700 °C, strong hard determined average nanocrystalline