New generation of cell-penetrating peptides: Functionality and potential clinical application.

摘要: Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) can transport various cargoes through membranes of live cells. Since the first generations CPPs suffered from insufficient cell and tissue selectivity, stability against proteases, escape endosomes, a new generation peptides, with optimized properties, was developed. These are either derived natural sources or created combination multivalent structures. The second method allows achieving high internalization efficiency, release endosomes via hybrid structures, combining sequences for endosomal release, homing sequences, activation at target local delivery cargoes. innate tumor selectivity include azurin, crotamine, maurocalcine, lycosin-I, buffalo cathelicidin, peptide CB5005. Some them penetrate cells influence intracellular signaling pathways, thereby exerting cytotoxic effects To obtain multilayer penetration stabilization proteolytic degradation, as well better handling, often conjugated to nanoparticles. A special problem treatment is efficiency drug three-dimensional cultures. Therefore, capability deliver even innermost tissues crucial importance. Notably, ability certain barriers such skin, blood-brain barrier (BBB), cornea conjunctiva eyes enabled replacement dangerous painful injections soothing sprays, creams, drops. However, it difficult rank efficacy because depend not only on CPP itself but also organ, cargo CPP-cargo coupling. present review describes some examples new-generation aims provide advice how find create right given task.