Haemodynamic monitoring in the peri‐operative period: the past, the present and the future

摘要: Over recent years there has been an increase in the implementation of goal-directed therapy using minimally invasive haemodynamic monitoring techniques to guide peri-operative care. Since introduction pulmonary artery flotation catheter 1980s, various monitors have developed, each associated with their own benefits and limitations. Goal-directed well-established as a standard care period largely reduction morbidity mortality. However, evidence over last few from major studies led us question: what is future for therapy? Care patient significantly evolved decade this needs be taken into account when assessing results these studies. We should therefore not look at effects isolation but part progressive bundle. Additionally, other markers status also begun further appreciated are worthy investigation. feel that remains promising new areas interest continuously emerging, research still required.