IMPLICATIONS OF DYNAMICALLY VARIABLE TRAITS FOR IDENTIFYING, CLASSIFYING, AND MEASURING DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS IN ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES

摘要: This article discusses how the presence of dynamic change in traits affecting inter-specific interactions changes ways which between species are distinguished, classified, and measured. The prevalence models lacking any trait dynamics has led to methods identifying measuring indirect effects that not valid when phenotypically or evolutionarily plastic affect interspecific interactions. When dynamic, number links a model can no longer be used distinguish direct effects, classifying by single sign denoting effect on equilibrium density becomes problematic. also interpretation manipulative experiments have been measure effects. Because both population densities transmit given ordered series will often several may opposite signs. some cha...