Genetic Variability and Antigenic Diversity of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus

摘要: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute systemic of cloven-hooved animals, including cattle, swine, sheep, and goats. Despite mortality rates being generally below 5%, FMD severely decreases livestock productivity trade. It considered the economically most important farm animals. Near two thousand million doses vaccine are used annually to try control FMD, which, nevertheless, enzootic in South American African countries, parts Asia, Middle East, south Europe. The causative agent, foot-and-mouth virus (FMDV), aphthovirus family Picornaviridae, a historically as it was first recognized viral agent (Loeffler Frosch, 1898). In this chapter we review briefly structure FMDV organization expression its genome (Section II) and, more detail, recent results on genetic variability III) antigenic diversity V), reflected several serotypes subtypes virus. Such has implications for design control, discussed Section V. Finally, propose model evolution discuss (Sections VI VII).