External sphincter resection for lower rectal and anal canal adenocarcinoma: achieving anal preservation with oncological and functional satisfaction

摘要: Intersphincteric resection (ISR) has recently been performed for very low rectal cancer, whereas abdominoperineal (APR) is typically reserved cancers extremely close to the anal verge and/or when depth of tumor invasion suspected involve intersphincteric space. This because impairment function considered unavoidable if external sphincter (ES) excised. We describe our technique ISR with ES and discuss its outcomes. surgical may offer major clinical advantages selected patients should be as an alternative APR, although careful consideration required.