Response of mule deer to habitat modification near natural gas development

摘要: Mule deer ( Odocoileus hemionus ) are known to shift habitat use in response environmental modifications, including those associated with energy development. Their specific behavioral responses, however, and capacities habituate particular aspects of development have not been effectively studied. We examined mule alteration near natural gas wells Las Animas County, Colorado, USA 2008—2010, an area experiencing for extraction gas. created 10-1 ha openings forests adjacent 10 by removing standing trees 2008, concomitant establishment 1-ha control sites the same wells. On each site, we estimated use, indexed pellet density, before after tree removal. Concurrently, measured plant production, cover, nutritional quality, species composition biomass removed other large herbivores. Species richness diversity graminoid forb cover increased on cut following Use removal sites, but was greater 2010. Herbivores negligible quantities vegetation both years, suggesting that may used primarily concealment. demonstrated capacity modifications changes energy. Managing forage availability appears potential affect type degree habituation such