Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacterial Populations and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes Obtained from Environments Impacted by Livestock and Municipal Waste

摘要: This study compared the populations of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and repertoire antimicrobial resistance genes in four environments: effluent three municipal wastewater treatment facilities, cattle feedlot runoff catchment ponds, swine waste lagoons, two “low impact” environments (an urban lake a relict prairie). Multiple liquid solid samples were collected from each environment. The prevalences concentrations (AMR) Gram-negative (Escherichia coli Salmonella enterica) Gram-positive (enterococci) determined individual (n = 174). 84 metagenomic DNA isolated pooled 44) by collection date, location, sample type determined. AMR E. similar among livestock sources. levels erythromycin-resistant enterococci significantly higher ponds lagoons than but these did not differ significantly. Similarly, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-resistant samples, there was no difference samples. Multivariate analysis distribution using principal coordinate showed distinct clustering with (cattle swine), low impact environment forming separate clusters. numbers class A beta-lactamase, C fluoroquinolone detected (P < 0.05) or lagoon In conclusion, we report that is very widespread phenomenon exist cattle, human, streams, diversity are present treated human discharged plants environments.