摘要: The present perfect in German displays a large variety of readings, which are challenge to any account the construction. Based on uniform semantics for perfect, it is argued that different readings due set well-defined principles and mechanisms mainly pragmatic nature. More specifically, both situation time resultant-state verb itself associated with frame times, each can be assigned topical status or not. Moreover, they get values by factors linguistic nonlinguistic context. A principle requires two intervals differ some relevant way so reference distinct licensed informativity. Finally, there strong tendency align duration times their frames. possible interactions these verbs construction accounts constructions have.