Order and Resistance in the Polemical and Catechetical Literature of Early Modern Spain (1515–1599): Christians, Muslims, and Moriscos

摘要: One window into the social and cultural problems of Morisco century in early modern Spain is polemical catechetical literature. This tradition had its roots anti-Islamic polemic Middle Ages, born among Mozarabs.1 It represents Muhammad, Qur'an, Muslims as opposite everything Christian, thus categorizing "enemy" affirming Christianity. However, reality was not so neat Iberian Peninsula, where Christians lived together, identities were more fluid than allowed. While work sixteenth century, too, attempts to impose categories through similar means, it a sterile remnant predecessors. As part project that viewed conversion these "wandering sheep" pastoral obligation, this literature reflects tensions between ideological what Christian versus Muslim Old Christians, Muslims, recent converts (the Moriscos). Four important examples discourse are Juan Andres's Confusion o confutacion de la secta Mahometica y del Alcoran (1515), Luis Vives's fourth book, "Contra sectam Mahometi," De veritate fidei christianae (1543), Pedro Guerra Lorca's Catecheses mystagogicae pro aduenis ex Mahometana: ad parochos, et potestates (1586), Ribera's Catechismo para los nuevamente convertidos moros (1599).The present study asks resources texts employ order onto reality, how evidence religious hybridity form discourse. I have chosen because they represent diverse perspectives on problem: converted aifaqui who became priest (Andres), humanist (Vives), doctor theology (Lorca), an archbishop (Ribera). These works span their authors wrote at different stages fluctuating policy towards minority. show, writers share medieval tradition, but adapt respond contemporary pastoral, social, political demands. Following conquest Granada, there sense optimism Confusion, climate Renaissance inspires Vives he writes enlightened dialogue for converting Moors. tone turns aggressive. After second Alpujarras revolt (1568-1571) subsequent expulsion, spirit Trent, theologian advocates incorporation New heavy hand catechism assimilation. Finally, writing end Ribera shows disenchanted attempt evangelization his pessimism inundates Catechismo.Louis Cardaillac's Moriscos cristianos serves basic reference Cardaillac discusses antagonism terms religion, evidenced by both groups. Nonetheless, observes " [ijnsistir sobre importancia este elemento religioso ... no implica . negar, claro esta, otros factores que tambien explican enfrentamiento" (84). polemic, vs. Muslim, adapted (153, 233). Vicente Cantarino likewise emphasizes continuity adaptation "se confronta con modulos teoricos abstractos generales," seeks much portray "debia ser" ("Notas" 126). advanced Reconquista conversions from Islam Christianity increased, incorporated "todos aspectos vida cultural, lengua, costumbres, escritura," increasingly meant assimilation (133-34). with mass "end" Iberia, changed, dominated such Bernardo Perez Chinchon's Antialcorano (1528) Martin Ayala's Doctrina Christiana en lengua Arauiga castellana (1566) (138-39). …