Laurentian Great Lakes Ice and weather conditions for the 1998 El Niño winter
作者： R. A. Assel , J. E. Janowiak , D. Boyce , C. O'Connors , F. H. Quinn
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0477(2000)081<0703:LGLIAW>2.3.CO;2
关键词:
摘要: Winter 1997/98 occurred during one of the strongest warm El Nino events, and Great Lakes experienced least extensive ice covers this century. Seasonal maximum cover for combined area was lowest on record (15%) relative to winters since 1963, a distinction formerly held by winter 1982/83 (25%), which also an exceptionally strong winter. Maximum set new lows in Erie (5%), Ontario (6%), Superior (11%), tied all-time low Lake Huron (29%), came close tying Michigan (15%; is 13%). Here authors compare seasonal progression lake-averaged 1982/83, 1997/98, 20-winter normal (1960–79) derived from NOAA Ice Atlas discuss detail. air temperatures were at or near high levels, storms displaced farther south over eastern North America, p...
harvard.edu
sci-hub.se 参考文章(14)
K. H. Nicholls, El Niño, ice cover, and Great Lakes phosphorus: Implications for climate warming Limnology and Oceanography. ,vol. 43, pp. 715- 719 ,(1998) , 10.4319/LO.1998.43.4.0715
S.J. Bolsenga, Nearshore Great Lakes ice cover Cold Regions Science and Technology. ,vol. 15, pp. 99- 105 ,(1988) , 10.1016/0165-232X(88)90057-2
J. J. MAGNUSON, K. E. WEBSTER, R. A. ASSEL, C. J. BOWSER, P. J. DILLON, J. G. EATON, H. E. EVANS, E. J. FEE, R. I. HALL, L. R. MORTSCH, D. W. SCHINDLER, F. H. QUINN, POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGES ON AQUATIC SYSTEMS: LAURENTIAN GREAT LAKES AND PRECAMBRIAN SHIELD REGION Hydrological Processes. ,vol. 11, pp. 825- 871 ,(1997) , 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19970630)11:8<825::AID-HYP509>3.0.CO;2-G
Raymond A. Assel, Maximum Freezing Degree-Days as a Winter Severity Index for the Great Lakes, 1897–1977 Monthly Weather Review. ,vol. 108, pp. 1440- 1445 ,(1980) , 10.1175/1520-0493(1980)108<1440:MFDDAA>2.0.CO;2
Amir Shabbar, Barrie Bonsal, Madhav Khandekar, Canadian Precipitation Patterns Associated with the Southern Oscillation Journal of Climate. ,vol. 10, pp. 3016- 3027 ,(1997) , 10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<3016:CPPAWT>2.0.CO;2
Raymond A. Assel, C. Robert Snider, Reginald Lawrence, Comparison of 1983 Great lakes winter weather and ice conditions with previous years Monthly Weather Review. ,vol. 113, pp. 291- 303 ,(1985) , 10.1175/1520-0493(1985)113<0291:COGLWW>2.0.CO;2
Russell W. Brown, William W. Taylor, Raymond A. Assel, Factors Affecting the Recruitment of Lake Whitefish in Two Areas of Northern Lake Michigan Journal of Great Lakes Research. ,vol. 19, pp. 418- 428 ,(1993) , 10.1016/S0380-1330(93)71229-0
Craig E. Hebert, WINTER SEVERITY AFFECTS MIGRATION AND CONTAMINANT ACCUMULATION IN NORTHERN GREAT LAKES HERRING GULLS Ecological Applications. ,vol. 8, pp. 669- 679 ,(1998) , 10.1890/1051-0761(1998)008[0669:WSAMAC]2.0.CO;2
Henry A. Vanderploeg, Stanley J. Bolsenga, Gary L. Fahnenstiel, James R. Liebig, Wayne S. Gardner, Plankton ecology in an ice-covered bay of Lake Michigan: utilization of a winter phytoplankton bloom by reproducing copepods Hydrobiologia. ,vol. 243, pp. 175- 183 ,(1992) , 10.1007/BF00007033
B. J. Eadie, D. J. Schwab, R. A. Assel, N. Hawley, M. B. Lansing, G. S. Miller, N. R. Morehead, J. A. Robbins, P. L. Van Hoof, G. A. Leshkevich, G. A. Leshkevich, T. H Johengen, P. Lavrentyev, R. E. Holland, Development of recurrent coastal plume in Lake Michigan observed for first time Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union. ,vol. 77, pp. 337- 338 ,(1996) , 10.1029/96EO00234