Microbial Diversity in Soils

摘要: Soil microbiology emerged as a distinct branch of soil science in 1838 after the French agricultural chemist and farmer, Boussingault, showed that legumes could obtain nitrogen from air when grown which was not heated. Fifty years later, Dutch scientist, Beijerinck, isolated bacteria nodules legume roots. Since then, number investigations have been conducted area microbiology. However, scientists are still investigating microbial diversity. is outer covering earth, consists loosely arranged layers materials composed inorganic organic compounds different stages organization (Tate 1995; Kapoor et al. 2002). It natural medium inwhichmicrobes live,multiply die.Microbial diversity critical environmental topic concerns people all walks life. Interest has rapidly scientific community (Wilson 1988; Franklin 1993; Benizri Increasing attention being drawn to microorganisms because fertility depends only on its chemical composition, but also qualitative quantitative nature inhabiting it. Maintenance viable, diverse populations functioning communities essential for sustainable agriculture (Beare contains wide range descried ‘black box’ (Paul Clark 1989). Microorganisms generally divided into five major taxonomic categories: algae, bacteria, fungi, protists viruses (Prescott 1996;Hurst In soil, they closely associated with particles, mainly clay– matter complexes (Foster 1988). Often, microbes can be found single cells or microcolonies embedded matrix polysaccha-