No X-rays from the very nearby type Ia SN 2014J: Constraints on its environment

摘要: Deep X-ray observations of the post-explosion environment around very nearby Type Ia SN 2014J (d{sub L} = 3.5 Mpc) reveal no emission down to a luminosity L{sub x} < 7 × 10{sup 36} erg s{sup –1} (0.3-10 keV) at δt ∼ 20 days after explosion. We interpret this limit in context inverse Compton from upscattered optical photons by supernova shock and constrain pre-explosion mass-loss rate stellar progenitor system be M-dot <10{sup −9} M{sub ⊙} yr{sup −1} (for wind velocity v{sub w} 100 km –1}). Alternatively, might expanding into uniform medium with density n{sub CSM} 3 cm{sup –3}. These results rule out single-degenerate (SD) systems steady mass loss until terminal explosion fraction transferred material lost outer Lagrangian point ≤1%. The allowed progenitors are (1) white dwarf-white dwarf progenitors, (2) SD unstable hydrogen burning experiencing recurrent nova eruptions recurrence time t 300 yr, (3) stars where ceases before