From Transcriptomes to Metatranscriptomes: Cold Adaptation and Active Metabolisms of Psychrophiles from Cold Environments

摘要: Transcriptomic and metatranscriptomic studies have yielded important insights into the mechanisms metabolisms that allow psychrophiles to remain active in cold environments. Psychrophiles undergo numerous changes their transcriptional profiles at colder temperatures change regulation of genes involved most cellular processes, including primary metabolism biosynthetic pathways, cell wall peptidoglycan biosynthesis, lipid biosynthesis membrane composition, translation/transcription/replication protein turnover chaperone functions, stress responses. Increases expression shock proteins, RNA/DNA helicases, chaperones, osmoprotectants, proteins oxidative response are common features adaptation psychrophiles, as increase fluidity thickening wall. Metatranscriptome from permafrost marine environments begun lay groundwork for our understanding these ecosystems potential impact on greater global processes such biogeochemical cycles greenhouse gas emissions. Community-specific microbial interactions, temperature, degree thaw, nutrient, water, organic matter availability, all drivers regulators activity metabolism, any factors can significant impacts community function.