Ecological Agriculture Research: Increasing Competence through PhD Courses.

摘要: Abstract A PhD course in ecological agriculture was organised for the Nordic/Baltic Region by an international team. Components were a pre-course literature review and written thesis summary, week-long intensive workshop Stange, Norway, follow-through reports evaluations. Research requires firm foundation science experimental methods as well set of other research inquiry at different levels spatial hierarchy. students need to learn about practice range study evaluate both component technologies more holistic aspects practices, farms, food systems. Most important is when where these should be applied. Lectures, large group discussions, small working sessions used involve each student team with facilitators grappling challenges design implementation. Traditional experiment design, on station f...